Nature plays a central role in the design of Gelephu International Airport. Its diagrid structure, made from glulam timber sourced locally and sustainably, mirrors the rich forested landscapes of Bhutan. The structure's design, thought of to stylize a mountain range, mixes in with the surrounding Himalayan landscape and symbolizes the nation's devotion to environmental sustainability. It is no surprise that nowadays, every building, home, or project has nature implemented as the main visual appeal to make it not only optimal for human health but the best visual appeal and decor there is.
The Spirit of the Forest in Flight - Nature’s Influence on Bhutan’s Airport
Scheduled to launch operations in 2029, the terminal covering an area of 68,000 square meters in Gelephu will serve as the landlocked nation’s second international airport with an impressive projection of green plants, palms, and trees.
Its design is being developed by BIG in partnership with the aviation engineering company NACO, with the goal of accommodating around 5.5 million passengers per year by 2065.
This natural framework is built up by traditional woodcarvings from Bhutan, which adorn the timber structure and will be created with care by local artisans. These complex designs are inspired by the 'Kachen', a respected wooden pillar in Bhutanese architecture that represents both structural strength and spiritual importance. The painted façades further embody Bhutan's cultural heritage, combining nature and tradition in the airport's design.
The Importance of Traveling in Spaces That Have Nature Integrated
Arriving at and spending time in an airport surrounded by nature creates an experience that goes beyond travel. It offers characteristics such as calmness, connection, and cultural immersion. For Bhutan, a country known for prioritizing Gross National Happiness and environmental sustainability, integrating nature into Gelephu International Airport comes in harmony with their respect for landscapes and traditions.
Airports are often places of transit, stress, and movement. However, an airport that has nature in almost all its main structures can transform the travel experience by reducing anxiety, improving well-being, and creating an ideal transition between the natural world and modern infrastructure. Studies have shown that being in environments with natural elements—such as wood, plants, and open spaces—reduces stress levels, enhances mood, and even improves cognitive function. This is particularly important in a place like Bhutan, where nature is integral to the country's identity and way of life.
The Gelephu International Airport’s design, with its patterned glulam timber structure, embodies this philosophy. Using sustainable wood sourced from Bhutan’s forests ensures that the terminal is a gateway to the country, but also an extension of its environment.
As one of the world's only carbon-negative countries, Bhutan’s focus on preserving its forests and maintaining ecological balance is reflected in the airport’s construction. The use of natural materials, energy-efficient design, and integration of outdoor and indoor plants align with the country’s vision of development that respects the surroundings and its people.
Bhutanese Experience of Calm, Welcome, and Connection to Nature
The airport will offer an exceptional experience for passengers, with ample daylight spaces, features inspired by the culture, and the work of artisans all creating together to provide a gentle navigation through the terminal.
The area just outside the airport will feature an arrival plaza split into four zones, each showing a variety of plants native to local forests. Stone paving will be laid throughout the area, adjacent to seating areas and a canopy for protection from the elements. The airport will also incorporate abundant greens, with various plant-filled areas such as the Forest Spine courtyard, which will be visible from different parts of the airport.
This Forest Spine will divide the terminal into two sections – one on the west dedicated to domestic flights and one on the east for international flights. The carvings that adorn the exterior will continue throughout the interior, illuminated by large windows and skylights hoped to 'instill mindfulness into the often-stressful experience of traveling'.
Additionally, passenger wellbeing will also be prioritised with spaces dedicated to yoga, gong baths, and meditation. Completing the airport will be photovoltaic roof panels for electricity generation and a "mobility hub" with trams and buses connecting to Gelephu and the rest of Bhutan.
Photos and renders by BIG.
